MSC Nastran : Structure Analysis

MSC.Patran is an analysis software system developed and maintained by MSC.Software Corporation. The core of the system is a finite element analysis pre and postprocessor. Several optional products are available including; advanced postprocessing programs, tightly coupled solvers, and interfaces to third party solvers. This document describes one of these interfaces.

The MSC.Patran MSC.Nastran interface provides a communication link between MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran. It also provides for the customization of certain features in MSC.Patran. The interface is a fully integrated part of the MSC.Patran system. Selecting MSC.Nastran as the analysis code preference in MSC.Patran, activates the customization process. These customizations ensure that sufficient and appropriate data is generated for the MSC.Patran MSC.Nastran interface.

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HAND BOOK OF SOIL ANALYSIS

This new book by Marc Pansu and Jacques Gautheyrou provides a synopsis of the analytical procedures for the physicochemical analysis of soils. It is written to conform to analytical standards and quality control.
It focuses on mineralogical, organic and inorganic analyses, but also describes physical methods when these are a precondition for analysis. It will help a range of different users to choose the most appropriate method for the type of material and the particular problems they have to face. The compiled work is the product of the experience gained by the authors in the laboratories of the Institute of Research for Development (IRD) in France and in tropical countries, and includes an extensive review of the literature. The reference section at the end of each chapter lists source data from pioneer studies right up to current works, such as, proposals for structural models of humic molecules, and itself represents a valuable source of information.
IRD soil scientists collected data on Mediterranean and tropical soils in the field from West and North Africa, Madagascar, Latin America, and South East Asia. Soil materials from these regions are often different from those found in temperate zones. As their analysis brought new problems to light, it was essential to develop powerful and specific physicochemical methods. Physicists, chemists and biologists joined forces with IRD soil scientists to contribute knowledge from their own disciplines thereby widening its scope considerably. This work is the fruit of these experiments as applied to complex systems, involving soils and the environment.

The methodological range is particularly wide and each chapter presents both simple analyses and analyses that may require sophisticated equipment, as well as specific skills. It is aimed both at teams involved in practical field work and at researchers involved in fundamental and applied research. It describes the principles, the physical and chemical basis of each method, the corresponding analytical procedures, and the constraints and limits of each. The descriptions are practical, easy to understand and implement.


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CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

This handy book presents more than 2000 needed formulas for civil engineers to help them in the design office, in the field, and on a variety of construction jobs, anywhere in the world. These formulas are also useful to design drafters, structural engineers, bridge engineers, foundation builders, field engineers, professional-engineer license examination candidates, concrete specialists, timber-structure builders, and students in a variety of civil engineering pursuits.

The book presents formulas needed in 12 different specialized branches of civil engineering—beams and girders, columns, piles and piling, concrete structures, timber engineering, surveying, soils and earthwork, building structures, bridges, suspension cables, highways and roads, and hydraulics and open-channel flow. Key formulas are presented for each of these topics. Each formula is explained so the engineer, drafter, or designer knows how, where, and when to use the formula in professional work. Formula units are given in both the United States Customary System (USCS) and System International (SI). Hence, the text is usable throughout the world. To assist the civil engineer using this material in worldwide engineering practice, a comprehensive tabulation of conversion factors is presented in Chapter 1.
In assembling this collection of formulas, the author was guided by experts who recommended the areas ofgreatest need for a handy book of practical and applied civil engineering formulas.

Sources for the formulas presented here include the various regulatory and industry groups in the field of civil engineering, authors of recognized books on important topics in the field, drafters, researchers in the field of civil engineering, and a number of design engineers who work daily in the field of civil engineering. These sources are cited in the Acknowledgments.

When using any of the formulas in this book that may come from an industry or regulatory code, the user is cautioned to consult the latest version of the code. Formulas may be changed from one edition of a code to the next. In a work of this magnitude it is difficult to include the latest formulas from the numerous constantly changing codes. Hence, the formulas given here are those current at the time of publication of this book. In a work this large it is possible that errors may occur.

Hence, the author will be grateful to any user of the book who detects an error and calls it to the author’s attention. Just write the author in care of the publisher. The error will be corrected in the next printing.

In addition, if a user believes that one or more important formulas have been left out, the author will be happy to consider them for inclusion in the next edition of the book. Again, just write him in care of the publisher.

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Finite Element Analysis of Structural Steelwork Beam to Column Bolted Connections

A combination of simple fabrication techniques and speedy site erection have made bolted endplates one of the most popular methods of connecting members in structural steelwork frames. Although simple in their use bolted endplates are extremely complex in their analysis and behaviour. In 1995 the Steel Construction Institute (SCI) and the British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA) jointly published a design guide for moment resisting connections [1].

The Green Book design method offers increased connection capacity using a combination of theoretical overstress in the beam compression zone and plastic bolt force distribution. This paper reports on a PhD research program at the University of Teesside which uses a combination of full scale testing and materially non-linear three dimensional finite element analyses (FEA) in order to investigate extended end plate beam-to-column connections. The FEA analyses, incorporating MYSTRO and LUSAS software [2], use enhanced strain solid and contact gap elements to model the connection behaviour.

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BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL

Unless otherwise noted, the design values, policies, practices, etc. that are established in this Manual are considered guidelines to promote uniform, safe and sound designs for bridges and structures in the State of Ohio. Deviation from these guidelines does not require formal approval from the Department; however, during the normal staged review process, the appointing authority may require the design agency to justify or otherwise seek recommendation from the Office of Structural Engineering when deviation is necessary.

The user of this Manual should be fully familiar with the AASHTO Standard Design Specifications For Highway Bridges including all issued Interim Specifications, the ODOT Construction and Material Specifications, and Office of Structural Engineering Standard Drawings and Design Data Sheets, along with the contents of this Manual.

The practicability of construction should be considered with reference to each detail of design. This applies particularly as new ideas are considered.
Where complete description or instruction is not provided in the Construction and Material Specifications, the description or instruction should be shown on the plans, but care should be taken to insure clarity both from a structural and contractual viewpoint.

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STRUCTURAL DETAIL IN CONCRETE

A number of books on various aspects of concrete design and detailing have been published but this is believed to be the first comprehensive detailing manual. The aim of this book is to cover a wide range of topic, so simplifying and reducing the work required to prepare structural drawings and details in reinforced, prestressed, precast and composite concrete.

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STEEL STRUCTURE

PART (PROPERTIES OF STRUKCTURAL STEEL) 1 :
This section presents and discusses the properties of structural steels that are of importance in design and construction. Designers should be familiar with these properties so that they can select the most economical combination of suitable steels for each application and use the materials efficiently and safely.

PART 2 (FABRICATION & ERECTION) :
Designers of steel-framed structures should be familiar not only with strength and serviceability requirements for the structures but also with fabrication and erection methods. These may determine whether a design is practical and cost-efficient. Furthermore, load capacity and stability of a structure may depend on design assumptions made as to type and magnitude of stresses and strains induced during fabrication and erection.

PART 3 (GENERAL STRUCTURAL THEORY) :
Safety and serviceability constitute the two primary requirements in structural design. For a structure to be safe, it must have adequate strength and ductility when resisting occasional extreme loads. To ensure that a structure will perform satisfactorily at working loads, functional or serviceability requirements also must be met. An accurate prediction of the behavior of a structure subjected to these loads is indispensable in designing new structures and evaluating existing ones.
The behavior of a structure is defined by the displacements and forces produced within the structure as a result of external influences. In general, structural theory consists of the essential concepts and methods for determining these effects. The process of determining them is known as structural analysis If the assumptions inherent in the applied structural theory are in close agreement with actual conditions, such an analysis can often produce results that are in reasonable agreement with performance in service.

PART 4 (ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURE) :
The general structural theory presented in Sec. 3 can be used to analyze practically all types of structural steel framing. For some frequently used complex framing, however, a specific adaptation of the general theory often expedites the analysis. In some cases, for example, formulas for reactions can be derived from the general theory. Then the general theory is no longer needed for an analysis. In some other cases, where use of the general theory is required, specific methods can be developed to simplify analysis.
This section presents some of the more important specific formulas and methods for complex framing. Usually, several alternative methods are available, but space does not permit their inclusion. The methods given in the following were chosen for their general utility when analysis will not be carried out with a computer.

PART 5 (CONNECTIONS) :
In this section, the term connections is used in a general sense to include all types of joints in structural steel made with fasteners or welds. Emphasis, however, is placed on the more commonly used connections, such as beam-column connections, main-member splices, and truss connections.
Recommendations apply to buildings and to both highway and railway bridges unless otherwise noted. This material is based on the specifications of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), ‘‘Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,’’ 1999, and ‘‘Specification for Structural Steel Buildings—Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design,’’ 1989; the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), ‘‘Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,’’ 1996; and the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA), ‘‘Manual,’’ 1998.

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STANDART SPECIFICATION FOR READY-MIXED CONCRETE

This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchase r in a freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

This educational manual was developed for the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) to present the principal project management activities and issues for procuring and implementing steel construction. The manual was developed for use in undergraduate university level construction management programs. It should also be useful in project management courses in construction
engineering, civil engineering, architectural engineering, and architecture programs.

The manual is intended as a supplemental text which may be incorporated into junior and senior level project management, estimating, and scheduling courses. The manual was developed in two educational modules: Module One addresses project management activities and Module Two examines scheduling and estimating issues that pertain to steel construction.

Both educational modules have been designed to help students understand the unique roles and relationships of the general contractor, steel fabricator, erector, specialty contractors, suppliers, architect, structural engineer, and owner in the construction of a structural steel building frame. While the manual has been specifically developed to address steel construction, many of the issues presented are also applicable to the management of other construction subcontracts. Therefore, this manual may serve as a detailed case study of steel construction which will help students achieve a broader understanding of construction project management, estimating, and scheduling practices.

It is hoped that faculty teaching this material, will find this steel case study useful as they present the principles of project management, estimating, and scheduling in their courses.

Most construction management and construction related programs require students to take courses in construction science, technology, materials, and structural design. It is assumed that by the time students are enrolled in project management, estimating, and scheduling courses, they will have obtained sufficient understanding of the technical terminology and also have a general understanding of steel design and construction practices. This manual is not intended as a technical guide to steel, but focuses instead on the project management aspects of steel construction. Students may wish to consult other general texts on structural design and construction methods should they need additional technical information. AISC has developed numerous publications which address the technical and design aspects of steel. These publications may be obtained by contacting the AISC publication’s department. See Appendix D for a listing of AISC services.

To help students gain a better understanding of the text, a steel construction project case study has been included. This building is a steel framed seven-story midrise medical office building. This project is described below under the case study description. Project documents from the case study are included in Appendix A.

To assist faculty in using this manual as a supplemental text in their courses, several open-ended questions are provided at the end of the two modules. These questions are intended to be used for in-class discussion.

The development of this manual was sponsored by a grant from the AISC Education Committee and was prepared by Mr. Tim Mrozowski, A.I.A., Dr. Matt Syal, CPC, and Mr. Syed Aqeel Kakakhelof the Building Construction Management Program at Michigan State University. AISC appointed two advisory committees to provide input and oversee the development of the manual. The Industry Technical Committee included fabricators, erectors, contractors, and educators who provided input into industry practices. The Educational Advisory Committee consisted of construction management and engineering faculty who advised and reviewed the manual for both industry practice and educational use.

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BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK

Building design and construction handbook / Frederick S. Merritt, editor,
Jonathan T. Ricketts, editor.—6th ed.

ABOUT THE EDITORS
Frederick S. Merritt (deceased) was a consulting engineer for many years, with experience in building and bridge design, structural analysis, and construction management.
A Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a Senior Member of ASTM, he was a former senior editor of Engineering News-Record and an author / editor of many books, including McGraw-Hill’s Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers and Structural Steel Designer’s Handbook.

Jonathan T. Ricketts is a consulting engineer with broad experience in general civil engineering environmental design and construction management. A registered engineer in several states, he is an active member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the National Society of Professional Engineers, the American Water Works Association, and is coeditor of McGraw-Hill’s Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers.

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METHODS OF CONCRETE PLACING

Concrete may be conveyed from a mixer to point of placement by any of a variety of methods and equipment, if properly transported to avoid segregation. Selection of the most appropriate technique for economy depends on jobsite conditions, especially project size, equipment, and the contractor’s experience. In building construction, concrete usually is placed with hand- or power-operated buggies; dropbottom buckets with a crane; inclined chutes; flexible and rigid pipe by pumping; shotcrete, in which either dry materials and water are sprayed separately or mixed concrete is shot against the forms; and for underwater placing, tremie chutes (closed flexible tubes). For mass-concrete construction, side-dump cars on narrow-gage track or belt conveyers may be used. For pavement, concrete may be placed by bucket from the swinging boom of a paving mixer, directly by dump truck or mixer truck, or indirectly by trucks into a spreader.

A special method of placing concrete suitable for a number of unusual conditions consists of grout-filling preplaced coarse aggregate. This method is particularly useful for underwater concreting, because grout, introduced into the aggregate through a vertical pipe gradually lifted, displaces the water, which is lighter than the grout. Because of bearing contact of the aggregate, less than usual overall shrinkage is also achieved.